Everything You Need to Know About Voluntary Homeowners Associations

If the home of your dreams is located in a community with a homeowners association, you’ve likely wondered if you have to join. While participation in an HOA is the norm, some communities offer optional memberships known as voluntary HOAs.

“A voluntary HOA is a homeowners association where membership and participation are optional for residents,” says Mark Buskuhl, founder and CEO at Ninebird Properties. “This means homeowners can choose whether or not to join the association and pay any associated dues or fees. On the other hand, a mandatory HOA requires all homeowners within its jurisdiction to become members and abide by its rules and regulations.”

This guide looks at the major differences between mandatory and voluntary HOAs, according to experts. 

Mandatory HOAs Are the Norm

Most communities with HOAs require that anyone living in that community join the HOA. These HOAs operate by soliciting membership fees, which they use to maintain common areas, shared amenities, and shared services. 

Members can take advantage of those features and must follow certain community guidelines in exchange. These rules, known as covenants, conditions, and restrictions (CC&Rs), are aimed at improving the quality of life in the community. 

“Some common rules on maintenance and appearance include approved roofing and exterior siding colors/materials, fencing guidelines, landscaping guidelines, not parking vehicles on the street overnight or in yards, and limiting how long recreational vehicles may occupy a driveway,” says Murray Davis, a Realtor with Better Homes and Gardens Real Estate Kansas City Homes. 

About Voluntary HOAs

In certain communities, some members might not be required to join an HOA if the HOA was formed after they moved into the neighborhood. Other types of HOAs have voluntary membership for all members, regardless of when they joined the community. 

“In terms of participation, voluntary HOAs may have lower levels of involvement and may not have as strict regulations as mandatory HOAs,” Buskuhl says.

Another perk for not joining an HOA is not having to pay the fees required to run that HOA. 

Flexibility of Voluntary HOAs

The main draw for those living in a voluntary HOA is the flexibility and freedom it affords residents compared to those with a mandatory HOA.

“As membership is optional, residents can choose to participate in community events and decision-making processes according to their availability and interest,” Buskuhl says. “This allows for a more relaxed atmosphere within the community compared to mandatory HOAs.” 

In addition, fees are different. “Another advantage is that dues or fees may be lower in a voluntary HOA, as there may be fewer services or amenities provided compared to a mandatory HOA,” Buskuhl adds. “Additionally, homeowners who do not wish to follow certain rules or guidelines set by the HOA may have more leeway in a voluntary HOA.”

“In a voluntary HOA, decision-making often involves a more collaborative and democratic approach,” Buskuhl says. “Members may have the opportunity to provide input and vote on community matters, but ultimately decisions are made by the majority. In contrast, mandatory HOAs typically have stricter regulations and decision-making power rests solely with the board or governing body.”

Downsides of Voluntary HOAs

There can be drawbacks as well. Buskuhl points out that voluntary HOAs sometimes feel less organized than their mandatory counterparts. 

“As members are not required to actively participate or follow certain rules, it may be difficult to enforce regulations and maintain a cohesive community atmosphere,” he says. “Another challenge may arise if only a small percentage of homeowners choose to join the voluntary HOA. This can lead to unequal distribution of responsibilities and financial burdens, as well as difficulties in making decisions that affect the entire community.”

“Voluntary HOAs typically fund their operations through the collection of membership dues or fees from participating homeowners,” Buskuhl says. “The amount and frequency of these payments may vary depending on the specific HOA, but they often cover common expenses such as landscaping, maintenance of amenities, and administrative costs.” 

So, you might not be able to use the community pool, and you’ll likely have to mow your own lawn. You also won’t be able to participate in decision-making, although many of the rules could still affect your daily life. 

“It is important for homeowners to carefully consider the implications of opting out before making a decision,” Buskuhl says.

Deciding Whether to Join a Voluntary HOA

As you decide whether to join your voluntary HOA, keep in mind the pros and cons. “If you are considering joining a voluntary HOA, it is important to carefully review the rules and regulations of the community before making a decision,” Buskuhl says. If you need more information as you decide, try to learn about the community by attending meetings to get a feel for the type of HOA your community operates. 

“Also, consider factors such as fees, responsibilities, and potential benefits of membership,” Buskuhl adds. “Think about how much time and effort you are willing to contribute, and whether the community aligns with your values and lifestyle.”